What Causes FGESF?

The exact causes of FGESF are not fully understood, but it’s believed that an abnormal immune response plays a significant role. This response can lead to the formation of masses/lesions consisting of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) and fibrous tissue, in a particular pattern, primarily in the stomach and intestines. Even with a number of studies being published, we are still not sure what etiology of the disease is. Understanding this could help us better diagnose, treat, and possibly even prevent, FGESF in the future.

​

Understanding the Process

Eosinophilic inflammation is a significant feature. These cells produce substances that can damage tissues, leading to a cycle of inflammation, tissue growth, and eventually, scarring. These stimuli can lead to the formation of lesions made of eosinophils and fibrous tissue. Depending on the lesion’s location, different clinical signs are evident. Although, given that it most commonly occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, it is not surprising that common signs like vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss and loss of appetite, are seen.

​​

Searching for the Culprit

Scientists are studying microbial pathogens that might trigger FGESF. Bacteria have been found in a significant number of cases, suggesting a possible role, but not all cases are associated with infections. Some secondary infections might happen due to changes in the gut caused by FGESF, leading to bacterial colonization at the site.

 

Potential Triggers 

Several factors may contribute to FGESF, though none have been definitively proven. These include:

• Dietary influences: Some cats show improvement with dietary management, and many have a history of gastrointestinal issues that respond to dietary changes.

• Gut flora imbalance: Disruptions in the normal gut bacteria could play a role.

• Ingestion of foreign objects: Such as hairballs, which are often found in affected cats.

• Infections: While bacteria, parasites, and fungi have been associated with FGESF, not all cases involve these infections, and their exact role remains unclear.

• Trauma: Injury to gastrointestinal wall.

​​

Genetic Factors

FGESF most commonly occurs in mature cats, though it can affect cats of various ages. Certain breeds, particularly Ragdolls in some regions, seem to be more susceptible, with males being more frequently affected. The possible predisposition of FGESF in Ragdolls may suggest that long-haired cats with a history of overgrooming might also play a role, as hair-like material is often found within lesions. However, not all cats that ingest hairballs develop FGESF, indicating that other factors are likely involved.

​

Importantly, no direct link has been found between FGESF and specific infections such as feline coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), or herpesvirus.